This is a bilingual post. Martin Vallières of La Presse reports, Investissements PSP: jongler avec croissance et rendement:
The article covers PSP's two main advantages over other more mature public pension funds in Canada. First, PSP enjoys liquidity inflows of $5 billion a year and will continue to enjoy them for another decade at least. Second, because of the young demographics of the members it covers, PSP doesn't have to pay out any benefits for a long time.
High liquidity and no payouts means PSP is in an enviable liquidity position of having major staying power and profit off severe market dislocations, which is exactly what they did after the 2008 crisis, buying major stakes in U.S. commercial real estate. The only other public pension fund in Canada that has a similar liquidity profile as PSP is the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB).
And as I covered in back in July, PSP gained 10.7% in FY 2013, posting its best four-year value-added performance, achieving a four-year annualized return of 12.2%, generating $23.7 billion in investment income and $3.7 billion of value-added over benchmark returns. The comparable figures for the ten-year period are 8.2%, $25.3 billion and $1.7 billion.
The strong four-year annualized return is the main reason PSP's senior executives enjoyed a hefty payout in FY 2013. In fact, as the article above states, the five top-paid executives at PSP, a federal Crown corporation, were awarded more than $16.1 million in total compensation for the 2013 fiscal year — a 57% increase over the previous year.
As shown in the table below, the bulk of the total compensation went to Gordon Fyfe but others enjoyed some equally hefty payouts (click on image below from page 61 of PSP's Annual Report 2013):
To be fair, I defended PSP's total compensation to their senior executives in FY 2013 based on their four-year results and pointed out that other organizations, like CPPIB and Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, also doled out hefty payouts in 2013.
In fact, I received an email over the weekend from George Luste, Emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of Toronto, asking me the following:
Now, PSP, OTPP, CPPIB will all defend their compensation based on their four-year results and the fact they are increasingly managing more and more assets internally, effectively "competing" with the Blackstones and Goldman Sachses of this world. In order to attract top talent, they claim, you have to pay up.
But I take these claims on compensation with a shaker of salt. As I've previously argued, the myth of Canadian funds flying solo is just that, a myth. The reality is these guys have the best gig in the world and they know it. They have captive clients, which means they don't need to worry about fundraising, and they have long-term investment horizons, which means they can sit patiently waiting for markets to turn up and collect millions in total comp based on four-year results beating their bogus benchmarks.
I realize that the comments above will anger some senior pension fund managers in Canada (some have wholeheartedly agreed with me in private) but I believe you need to pay public pension fund managers for delivering real alpha over benchmarks that reflect the real risks they're taking in every asset class. If they think they are underpaid, I invite them to start their own hedge fund or private equity fund and make some real bucks (good luck with that).
Of course, some wise ass will throw in my face that André Collin, PSP's former Head of Real Estate, left PSP to work for Lone Star Funds, John Grayken's private equity real estate fund which recently bet big on Europe. All true, Collin is now President, Americas at Lone Star, responsible for directing origination activities but how he got there is very shady. He's a good real estate investor but he basically bought himself a cushy job by investing billions in Lone Star while working at the Caisse and PSP. Amazingly, PSP's governance rules did not forbid their senior managers from working at funds they invest with after they leave that organization (Duh! That's pension governance 101!!!).
Folks, as you can tell from reading my comments above, I'm fearless and not in the business of writing puff pieces on Canada's large public pension funds. I give credit where credit is due but will relentlessly expose anything remotely shady and criticize excessive risk-taking.
For example, I've written on the good, bad and downright ugly at PSP Investments. I like being fair and balanced in my comments but I don't shy away from controversial topics because it makes Canada's pension aristocrats very uncomfortable.
I will end by emphasizing PSP Investments is on the right path. They still need to improve their communication, something Bob Baldwin, a former board of director at PSP, recently reminded me of at a pension conference in Ottawa, but on the whole, they are doing great. Bob gave credit to Gordon Fyfe for assembling an outstanding investment team and leading the organization during difficult times.
I know Gordon's strengths and weaknesses and agree with Bob, he's excellent at managing people and his board of directors. And I'll share something else with you, Gordon's best and smartest investment hire at PSP was his first one and you all have the luxury of reading his comments on pensions and investments five days a week for free (forgive my pension humility but I'm reminded of something Winston Churchill once said when describing his political rival, Clement Atlee: "A modest man, who has much to be modest about").
So without further ado, let me take this opportunity to plug the world's best pension analyst (that would be me!) and ask Mr. Fyfe, Mr. Leech, Mr. de Bever, Mr. Sabia, Mr. Mock, Mr. Petroff, Mr. Rousseau, Mr. Guay, Mr. Malo, Mr. Murphy, Mr. Collin, Mr. Therrien and many, many more people who had the privilege of meeting or working with me and now enjoy reading my blog comments to pony up and subscribe to the $500 or $1000 a year option at the top right-hand side of this site.
Importantly, don't be cheap, this is the best blog on pensions and investments, and you all know it which is why you read me every day. It's high time some of you jump on board the Kolivakis Express (lol) and pay up for the privilege of reading my blog comments for free!
Below, a rare interview with Gordon Fyfe, PSP's President and CEO (click here if it doesn't load). Gordon, when you're ready, let's go for breakfast and reminisce on the past and more importantly, focus on the future. You are the only person I would wake up early to meet and yes, you'll pick up the tab, you can afford it and you owe me one.
Video streaming by Ustream
Actif doublé à plus de 85 milliards en quelques années à peine. Effectif montréalais approchant les 500 employés. Plus de 4 milliards par an en nouveaux capitaux à investir.
Le tableau de bord de la société montréalaise Investissements PSP a de quoi susciter l'envie parmi les gestionnaires d'actif des plus grandes caisses de retraite au Canada.
Mais au dire de son président et chef de la direction, Gordon Fyfe, les défis de gestion chez PSP s'apparentent encore à ceux d'une entreprise en pleine émergence: produire de bons résultats courants et futurs tout en gérant une croissance rapide de l'actif et des effectifs.
«Pendant que nous développons nos équipes de placement et leur portefeuille, nous devons aussi gérer beaucoup de liquidités qui entrent et qui sortent chaque année dans notre actif», résume Gordon Fyfe en entrevue avec La Presse Affaires.
«Néanmoins, cet afflux de liquidités est aussi l'un de nos principaux avantages comparatifs parmi les gestionnaires d'actif de grosses caisses de retraite. Nous avons plus de flexibilité pour effectuer nos transactions aux moments les plus avantageux selon nos objectifs de rendement.»
D'où provient cet avantage? Pour l'expliquer, il faut rappeler qu'Investissements PSP a été créée il y a 13 ans par le gouvernement fédéral en tant que société d'État autonome avec le mandat de mieux gérer l'actif des caisses de retraite de plusieurs dizaines de milliers d'employés fédéraux.
Il s'agit d'abord de la caisse principale des fonctionnaires, mais aussi celles de la Défense nationale, de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada et, depuis peu, des membres de la Réserve militaire.
À l'époque, en 2000, l'actif combiné de ces caisses de retraite se chiffrait à une dizaine de milliards de dollars. Treize ans plus tard, il vient de passer le seuil des 85 milliards. Et il est déjà prévu autour des 300 milliards dans une quinzaine d'années, selon les hypothèses actuarielles des caisses de retraite fédérales.
En ce moment, la croissance de l'actif géré par PSP est en partie attribuable aux revenus de placement accrus par une gestion active.
Ces revenus ont atteint 7,1 milliards lors de l'exercice terminé le 31 mars, ce qui a porté à 23 milliards le total des revenus engrangés au cours des quatre dernières années, depuis le revers de 9,5 milliards subi l'année de la crise financière.
Mais aussi, admet d'emblée Gordon Fyfe, la croissance d'actif chez PSP provient encore beaucoup de l'influx annuel de 4 à 5 milliards de dollars en nouveaux capitaux à investir.
PSP se retrouve ainsi dans une situation singulière parmi les gestionnaires d'actif des plus grandes caisses de retraite du secteur public au Canada.
Selon M. Fyfe, cette situation découle de la «jeunesse démographique» des caisses de retraite fédérales dont PSP gère les placements, comparativement à ses semblables comme la Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec et les caisses Teachers' et OMERS en Ontario.
«Ces caisses de retraite sont plus matures démographiquement, et certaines déjà en phase de sortie de liquidités [NDLR: nombre croissant de retraités-prestataires par rapport aux salariés-déposants]. Chez PSP, les caisses dont nous gérons les actifs ne seront pas dans cette situation avant 15 à 20 ans.»
D'où l'avantage comparatif auquel prétend PSP parmi ses pairs en pouvant compter sur un apport considérable de capitaux neufs à investir pour plusieurs années.
Aussi, PSP peut orienter sa recherche d'actifs selon deux critères principaux.
D'une part, des actifs à potentiel supérieur de croissance mais à long terme, notamment dans les économies émergentes par rapport aux économies développées. C'est ce qui explique en partie la part de 16% de l'actif total de PSP qui est identifiée aux régions d'économies émergentes comme l'Asie et l'Amérique latine.
Flexibilité
D'autre part, explique Gordon Fyfe, PSP a la flexibilité de liquidités pour investir rapidement dans des actifs de qualité mais qui se retrouvent en «détresse» temporaire en raison d'une conjoncture négative ou de problèmes financiers chez leurs propriétaires.
Un exemple de cette flexibilité? Au lendemain de la crise financière de 2008, et même si le rendement de son actif en avait été très affecté comme chez ses pairs, PSP avait encore des milliards de dollars en capitaux neufs à investir dans des actifs soudainement dépréciés.
C'est ainsi que PSP a pu profiter de la crise immobilière dans plusieurs villes américaines, dont New York, pour garnir son portefeuille de bons immeubles commerciaux à prix avantageux.
Quelques années plus tard, le portefeuille immobilier de PSP approche les 10 milliards, à hauteur de 12% de l'actif total sous gestion. Et le rendement courant de ce portefeuille immobilier (11% durant l'exercice terminé le 31 mars) cote au double de celui de l'indice de référence sectoriel.
«Nous réalisons de solides rendements de nos divers portefeuilles depuis quelques années et nous entendons bien continuer ainsi», affirme Gordon Fyfe.
Quant à sa lecture courante des marchés du placement, il préfère s'en tenir à sa philosophie de direction des équipes de portefeuille chez PSP.
«Ce qu'il y a d'intéressant dans notre domaine, c'est qu'il y a toujours quelque part de bons actifs qui se retrouvent dans le trouble. Et chez PSP, nous avons les moyens de transiger rapidement dans ce type d'actifs, mais toujours quand ça nous plaît vraiment et selon nos objectifs de rendement.»
Investissements PSP en un coup d'oeil
- Activités: gestion des placements de l'actif de quatre caisses de retraite d'employés fédéraux: fonction publique, Défense nationale, GRC, Force de réserve
- Actif net (au 1er déc. 2013): 86 milliards
- Rendement annualisé depuis quatre ans: 12,2% (au 31 mars)
- Siège administratif: Montréal
- Effectif: 470 employés
- Frais d'exploitation: 0,24% de l'actif net (au 31 mars)
- Rémunération des cinq principaux dirigeants: 16,1 millions (+57% en 2013)
- Année de fondation: 2000 (société d'État fédérale)
Source: Investissements PSP
Les grands gestionnaires de fonds de retraite
- Office d'investissement du Régime de pension du Canada: 192 milliards (au 30 sept. 2013)
- Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec: 186 milliards (au 30 juin 2013)
- Teachers (Régime de retraite des enseignants de l'Ontario): 129 milliards (au 31 déc. 2012)
- Investissements PSP: 86 milliards (au 1er déc. 2013)
- Alberta Investment Management Corp.: 68 milliards (au 31 déc. 2012)
- Omers (Régime de retraite des employés municipaux de l'Ontario): 61 milliards (au 31 déc. 2012)
- BC Pension: 31 milliards (au 31 mars 2013)
- OPB (Commission des régimes de retraite de l'Ontario): 19 milliards (au 31 déc. 2012)
Sources: rapports annuels, Bloomberg, archives média EurekaThe article above is basically a puff piece on PSP Investments (PSP), however, it's better than no coverage at all. It's about time Quebec's financial media wakes up and realizes the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec isn't the only major public pension fund in the world. In fact, over the next decade, the Caisse will likely become the second largest pension fund in Quebec and third in Canada.
The article covers PSP's two main advantages over other more mature public pension funds in Canada. First, PSP enjoys liquidity inflows of $5 billion a year and will continue to enjoy them for another decade at least. Second, because of the young demographics of the members it covers, PSP doesn't have to pay out any benefits for a long time.
High liquidity and no payouts means PSP is in an enviable liquidity position of having major staying power and profit off severe market dislocations, which is exactly what they did after the 2008 crisis, buying major stakes in U.S. commercial real estate. The only other public pension fund in Canada that has a similar liquidity profile as PSP is the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB).
And as I covered in back in July, PSP gained 10.7% in FY 2013, posting its best four-year value-added performance, achieving a four-year annualized return of 12.2%, generating $23.7 billion in investment income and $3.7 billion of value-added over benchmark returns. The comparable figures for the ten-year period are 8.2%, $25.3 billion and $1.7 billion.
The strong four-year annualized return is the main reason PSP's senior executives enjoyed a hefty payout in FY 2013. In fact, as the article above states, the five top-paid executives at PSP, a federal Crown corporation, were awarded more than $16.1 million in total compensation for the 2013 fiscal year — a 57% increase over the previous year.
As shown in the table below, the bulk of the total compensation went to Gordon Fyfe but others enjoyed some equally hefty payouts (click on image below from page 61 of PSP's Annual Report 2013):
To be fair, I defended PSP's total compensation to their senior executives in FY 2013 based on their four-year results and pointed out that other organizations, like CPPIB and Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, also doled out hefty payouts in 2013.
In fact, I received an email over the weekend from George Luste, Emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of Toronto, asking me the following:
....are you not concerned about the $5,414,770 compensation for Leech in 2012 (see page 63 in 2012 OTPP annual report - and the $5.4 million does NOT include the change in pension value and long-term incentive allocation). On the same page - it shows $17.2 million as the sum total compensation to to the top 5 OTPP executives. I do think this is an OTPP "Third Rail".As you can see in the table below, George is right, Jim Leech and his senior executives enjoyed equally hefty payouts for their four-year results as of the end of calendar year 2012 (click on image):
Now, PSP, OTPP, CPPIB will all defend their compensation based on their four-year results and the fact they are increasingly managing more and more assets internally, effectively "competing" with the Blackstones and Goldman Sachses of this world. In order to attract top talent, they claim, you have to pay up.
But I take these claims on compensation with a shaker of salt. As I've previously argued, the myth of Canadian funds flying solo is just that, a myth. The reality is these guys have the best gig in the world and they know it. They have captive clients, which means they don't need to worry about fundraising, and they have long-term investment horizons, which means they can sit patiently waiting for markets to turn up and collect millions in total comp based on four-year results beating their bogus benchmarks.
I realize that the comments above will anger some senior pension fund managers in Canada (some have wholeheartedly agreed with me in private) but I believe you need to pay public pension fund managers for delivering real alpha over benchmarks that reflect the real risks they're taking in every asset class. If they think they are underpaid, I invite them to start their own hedge fund or private equity fund and make some real bucks (good luck with that).
Of course, some wise ass will throw in my face that André Collin, PSP's former Head of Real Estate, left PSP to work for Lone Star Funds, John Grayken's private equity real estate fund which recently bet big on Europe. All true, Collin is now President, Americas at Lone Star, responsible for directing origination activities but how he got there is very shady. He's a good real estate investor but he basically bought himself a cushy job by investing billions in Lone Star while working at the Caisse and PSP. Amazingly, PSP's governance rules did not forbid their senior managers from working at funds they invest with after they leave that organization (Duh! That's pension governance 101!!!).
Folks, as you can tell from reading my comments above, I'm fearless and not in the business of writing puff pieces on Canada's large public pension funds. I give credit where credit is due but will relentlessly expose anything remotely shady and criticize excessive risk-taking.
For example, I've written on the good, bad and downright ugly at PSP Investments. I like being fair and balanced in my comments but I don't shy away from controversial topics because it makes Canada's pension aristocrats very uncomfortable.
I will end by emphasizing PSP Investments is on the right path. They still need to improve their communication, something Bob Baldwin, a former board of director at PSP, recently reminded me of at a pension conference in Ottawa, but on the whole, they are doing great. Bob gave credit to Gordon Fyfe for assembling an outstanding investment team and leading the organization during difficult times.
I know Gordon's strengths and weaknesses and agree with Bob, he's excellent at managing people and his board of directors. And I'll share something else with you, Gordon's best and smartest investment hire at PSP was his first one and you all have the luxury of reading his comments on pensions and investments five days a week for free (forgive my pension humility but I'm reminded of something Winston Churchill once said when describing his political rival, Clement Atlee: "A modest man, who has much to be modest about").
So without further ado, let me take this opportunity to plug the world's best pension analyst (that would be me!) and ask Mr. Fyfe, Mr. Leech, Mr. de Bever, Mr. Sabia, Mr. Mock, Mr. Petroff, Mr. Rousseau, Mr. Guay, Mr. Malo, Mr. Murphy, Mr. Collin, Mr. Therrien and many, many more people who had the privilege of meeting or working with me and now enjoy reading my blog comments to pony up and subscribe to the $500 or $1000 a year option at the top right-hand side of this site.
Importantly, don't be cheap, this is the best blog on pensions and investments, and you all know it which is why you read me every day. It's high time some of you jump on board the Kolivakis Express (lol) and pay up for the privilege of reading my blog comments for free!
Below, a rare interview with Gordon Fyfe, PSP's President and CEO (click here if it doesn't load). Gordon, when you're ready, let's go for breakfast and reminisce on the past and more importantly, focus on the future. You are the only person I would wake up early to meet and yes, you'll pick up the tab, you can afford it and you owe me one.
Video streaming by Ustream